起动机主要故障原因及处理(1)起动机不转动1)连接线松动、接触不良。2)起动继电器损坏。3)蓄电池充电不足或有故障。4)电刷接触不良。5)开关线端脱焊。6)起动机本身短路。处理措施包括清洁和紧固接触点；修理或更换起动继电器检查、充电或更换蓄电池；清洁换向器表面重焊导线等。用粗导线使起动机电磁开关的两个接线柱短路，若起动机此时运转正常，则可判断故障不在起动机。若将起动继电器触点短接，起动机能运转正常，则起动机和电磁开关均完好，可检查起动继电器及其他线路。若在电磁开关接线柱短路时有强烈火花，但起动机不转，则说明故障在起动机，通常是励磁线圈短路、电枢线圈短路等，应拆下修理。若电磁开关接线柱短路时无火花，则可能是电刷磨损后与换向器接触不良。此时应检修电刷、电刷架和换向器。(2)起动机可以空转但无起动力1)轴衬套磨损。2)电刷接触不良。3)换向器不清洁或烧毛。4)开关接触不良。5)蓄电池充电不足或容量过小。6)润滑油太冷粘度大。处理措施包括调换新的轴衬；清洁电刷、换向器接触面并用砂纸磨光检查开关、导线接触状况；检查、充电或更换蓄电池；烘暖机等。(3)起动机的驱动齿轮与飞轮齿圈啮合不进，有撞击声按下起动按钮，听到起动机齿轮与飞轮齿圈的撞击声，但啮合不进。这主要是电磁开关行程不对，闭合过早、齿轮尚未到位啮合进去，而起动机的主回路已接通，使电枢空转。遇到这种情况，可调整偏心螺钉。此外由于飞轮齿圈与起动机的驱动齿轮打坏，或齿面打毛及起动机与飞轮齿圈轴线不平行等，也会发生上述情况。(4)起动机小齿轮退回困难1)起动机继电器接触点烧熔粘牢。2)电磁开关接触片与接触螺钉烧熔粘牢。处理措施包括修理或更换起动继电器；修理或更换起动机电磁开关。
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